MIL-STD-662F
3.25 Penetration, partial (PP). Any impact which is not a complete penetration shall be considered a partial penetration.
3.26 Petalling. The plastic deformation of a ductile material when struck by an impacting projectile or fragment, resulting in material being forced outward in leaflets or petal forms.
3.27 Projectile, fragment simulating. A projectile designed with special material, shape, and size for ballistic test firings so that the effect of typical fragments can be simulated.
3.28 Propellant. A rapidly burning substance or mixture whose combustion or release produces the gas pressure that propels the projectile through the gun bore.
3.29 Punching. Armor failure in shear where a circular plug about the size of the attacking projectile is pushed from the backside of the plate.
3.30 Sabot. Lightweight carrier in which a specified caliber projectile is centered to permit firing the projectile in the larger caliber weapon. The sabot diameter fills the bore of the weapon from which the projectile is fired. The sabot is usually discarded in flight a short distance from the muzzle, and only the subcaliber projectile continues downrange.
3.31 Small arms. All gas-propelled, tube-type weapons firing a ballistic projectile with a diameter up to and including 20 millimeters (0.787 inches).
3.32 Small arms ammunition. All ammunition up to and including 20 millimeters (0.787 inches). A round of ammunition includes a ballistic projectile, propellant charge, charge igniter (primer), and a charge case.
3.33 Spaced armor. Armor systems having spaces between armor elements.
3.34 Spalling. The detachment or delamination of a layer of material in the area surrounding the location of impact, which may occur on either the front or rear surfaces of the armor. Spalling may be a threat mechanism even when penetration of the armor itself is not complete.
3.35 Striking velocity. The velocity of a projectile or missile at the instant of impact
(also known as impact velocity).
3.36 Target base line. The distance from a point midway between the two velocity measuring, triggering devices to the test sample.
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