MIL-STD-662F
3.37 Terminal ballistics. A branch of ballistics which is concerned with the effects of weapons on targets including penetration, fragmentation, detonation, shaped charge, blast, combustion and incendiary effects.
3.38 Test sample. An armor plate or fabricated armor section or component which is to be ballistically tested for evaluation of ballistic protection properties.
3.39 Undermatch. A term used primarily in association with steel armor which indicates that the diameter of the impacting projectile is less than the thickness of the armor plate.
3.40 V50 ballistic limit. In general, the velocity at which the probability of penetration of an armor material is 50 percent.
3.41 Witness plate. A thin sheet located behind and parallel to the ballistic test sample which is used to detect penetrating projectiles or spall.
3.42 Yaw. Projectile yaw is the angular deviation of the longitudinal axis of the projectile from the line of flight at a point as close to the impact point on the target as is practical to measure.
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Projectile. The test projectile shall be of the type and caliber specified in the contract. Millimeters shall be used to identify the caliber of projectiles unless otherwise specified. Table I provides the velocities (expressed in feet per second) of various projectiles at specific target distances.
4.2 Weapon. The weapon(s) used in the ballistic test firing shall be capable of firing the appropriate projectile at the specified V50BL(P) velocity range within yaw limitations. Millimeters shall be used to identify the caliber of weapons unless otherwise specified.
4.3 Velocity measuring equipment.
4.3.1 Chronograph. An electronic counter type chronograph measuring to at least the nearest microsecond (10-6 s) shall be used.
4.3.2 Detectors. Either high-velocity lumiline screens, or electrical contact screens which either open or close an electrical circuit by passage of the projectile through the detector shall be used. Contact screens may consist of metallic foils separated by a thin insulating layer, or may consist of a circuit printed on paper with the circuit spacing such
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